You don't. Thunderbird is email client software just like the client that came with your phone. You put the details for your email account in the client on the phone and get messages from your providers server. When using multiple devices to check email the IMAP protocol works best. Google IMAP vs POP to learn the differences between the 2 protocols.

Thank you but my first smartphone! As an advanced age senior I need simple explanation if possible.

Thunderbird does not run on phones or tablets so support for your phone is outside the scope of this forum. Maybe ask your cellular carrier for help with setting this up.